<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>jmedicalcasereports</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Frontiers in Medical Case Reports</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 3; Issue 2</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>(Mar-Apr, 2022)</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Medical Case Reports</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia in a Geriatric Patient: A Case of Treatment Resistance</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>5</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Gregory A.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Demirjian</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Leila C.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Tou</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Samantha E.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Sugerik</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Taha A.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Siddiqui</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Bernardo Reyes</FirstName>
          <LastName>Fernandez</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a condition known for frequent and severe epistaxis, telangiectasias that form along various surfaces of the body, and potentially life-threatening arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that may develop in major organ systems. Management of this condition begins with prompt diagnosis, followed by careful screening for systemic complications, and care to minimize morbidity associated with blood loss. We hereby describe a case of treatment-resistant HHT in a geriatric patient who suffers from recurrent and severe epistaxis warranting frequent hospitalizations and blood transfusions. The case underscores the need to recognize HHT early, begin treatment promptly, and closely follow these patients to minimize the risk of hospital readmission.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>HHT (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia),Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome (OWRS)</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://www.jmedicalcasereports.org/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=13675&amp;title=Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia in a Geriatric Patient: A Case of Treatment Resistance</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>de Gussem E, Kroon S, Hosman A, Kelder J, Post M, Snijder R, Mager J. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and survival: the importance of systematic screening and treatment in HHT centers of excellence. J Clin Med 2020; 9: 3581.&#13;
&#13;
Faughnan ME, Mager JJ, Hetts SW, Palda VA, Lang-Robertson K, Buscarini E, Deslandres E, Kasthuri RS, Lausman A, Poetker D, Ratjen F, Chesnutt MS, Clancy M, Whitehead KJ, Al-Samkari H, Chakinala M, Conrad M, Cortes D, Crocione C, Darling J, de Gussem E, Derksen C, Dupuis-Girod S, Foy P, Geisthoff U, Gossage JR, Hammill A, Heimdal K, Henderson K, Iyer VN, Kjeldsen AD, Komiyama M, Korenblatt K, McDonald J, McMahon J, McWilliams J, Meek ME, Mei-Zahav M, Olitsky S, Palmer S, Pantalone R, Piccirillo JF, Plahn B, Porteous MEM, Post MC, Radovanovic I, Rochon PJ, Rodriguez-Lopez J, Sabba C, Serra M, Shovlin C, Sprecher D, White AJ, Winship I, Zarrabeitia R. Second international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Ann Intern Med 2020; 173: 989-1001.&#13;
&#13;
Garg N, Khunger M, Gupta A, Kumar N. Optimal management of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Blood Med 2014;5: 191-206.&#13;
&#13;
Iyer V, Brinjikji W, Pannu B, Apala D, Lanzino G, Cloft H, Misra S, Krowka M, Wood C, Swanson K. Effect of center volume on outcomes in hospitalized patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2016; 91: 1753-1760.&#13;
&#13;
Jameson JJ, Cave DR. Hormonal and antihormonal therapy for epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Laryngoscope 2004; 114: 705-709.&#13;
&#13;
Kallenbach M, Dittberner A, Boeger D, Buentzel J, Kaftan H, Hoffmann K, Jecker P, Mueller A, Radtke G, Guntinas-Lichius O. Hospitalization for epistaxis: a population-based healthcare research study in Thuringia, Germany. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277: 1659–1666.&#13;
&#13;
Mani B, Rubel A, Chauhdary W, Bashir A, Soe Z, Javed N, Sharif S, Hla Aye M, Chong V. Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 2020; 113: 586-587.&#13;
&#13;
Pierucci P, Lenato G, Suppressa P, Lastella P, Triggiani V, Valerio R, Comelli M, Salvante D, Stella A, Resta N, Logroscino G, Resta F, Sabband;agrave; C. A long diagnostic delay in patients with Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia: a questionnaire-based retrospective study. Orphanet J Rare Di 2012; 7: 33.&#13;
&#13;
Yung S, Bell JA, Brooker J. Tamoxifen therapy for recurrent mucosal bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Hematol 2021; 10: 22-24.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>